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Longterm Atmospheric Deposition Monitoring
Identifier:140_1
Publication date:2004
Author(s):
Diane Hope
James Anderson
Nancy Grimm
Abstract:
The aims of our study are to examine the magnitude and spatial variability in the concentration and flux of wet deposited NO3-N, NH4-N, DOC, PO4-P, Cl, SO4, H+, Ca, Mg, Na, K across the Central Arizona-Phoenix region, including the developed urban core and outlying desert. Also to examine patterns of coarse dry particulate deposition across the study area and provide some minimum estimates on levels of dry deposition of these ions. We were particularly interested to answer the question: To what extent are concentrations and fluxes of these ions enhanced at sites within the urban core relative to undeveloped desert sites upwind and downwind of the city.Currently we operate eight wet-dry collectors located to form a transect running approximately W-E across the study area from outlying desert to the west, upwind of the prevailing synoptic wind direction, through agriculture to urban core sites, to two downwind sites in the desert to the east and northeast (map of bucket locations). Collectors are co-located at sites of Maricopa County or Arizona Department of Environmental Quality monitoring stations wherever possible.
Keywords:
PRECIPITATION, ATMOSPHERE, NITRATE, NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, Inorganic Nutrients, POTASSIUM, SONORAN DESERT, PHOENIX, caplter created, urban, caplter, Central Arizona Phoenix Longterm Ecological Research, metropolitan area, deposition, anion, cation, phosphate, ammonia, magnesium, sodium, calcium, dry deposition, wet deposition, Arizona, Fluxes of Materials and Socio-Ecosystem Response, Project id 31, caplter core monitoring
Temporal Coverage:
1999-05-20 - 2008-12-31
Geographic Coverage:
Geographic Description:Phoenix metropolitan area in Arizona, USA
Bounding Coordinates:
Longitude:-112.839492 to -111.470845
Latitude:33.726193 to 31.948995
Contact:
Data Manager, Arizona State University,
Global Institute of Sustainability,POB 875402,TEMPE
caplter.data@asu.edu
Methods used in producing this dataset:
Atmospheric Deposition Lab Preparation
Atmospheric Deposition Sample Processing / Filtering
DRY BUCKETS
Open the bucket and remove any contamination (insects, bird droppings)
Add 250 ml of nanopure water. Use a rinsed 250ml graduated cylinder.
Secure the lid tightly.
Shake the bucket every half hour to hour for 2 to 4 hours.
Leave the bucket in the cold room overnight.
Take out the bucket in the morning and repeat the shaking step.
Skip the weighing step and follow the procedure for wet buckets.
WET BUCKETS
WEIGH
Weigh the bucket in PSH 470.
Wipe any soil/debris off the outside of the bucket first.
Tare the scale and weigh the bucket. Record on the field sheet.
POUR the sample from the bucket into an HCl washed 500ml bottle. Be Careful. If there is less than 100ml of sample you may want to pour it into a 125ml HCL washed bottle.
AMMONIA
Pour out a small amount of the sample, about 6 ml, enough to rinse and fill a traacs cup, into a HCl washed centrifuge tube.
Rinse the tube first.
DOC
Using the small HCl rinsed 25mm filter apparatus filter enough sample, about 15ml, for DOC analysis.
Use an ashed 25mm GF/F filter. There are some in the desiccator in the room behind the traacs room in Goldwater.
Rinse the filter apparatus with nanopure.
Insert a filter and rinse the ashed filter with nanopure water. Discard.
Rinse the filter and flask with the sample. Discard.
Filter about 15 ml.
Rinse an HCl washed scintillation vial (blue cap) with a little of the filtered sample and pour the rest into the vial
Acidify with one drop of concentrated HCl or acidify in the DOC tube according to the DOC method before the run. I tend to like the latter.
ANIONS and CATIONS (SEE NOTE below)
Filter the rest of the sample through a Supor-450 47mm membrane filter (0.45micrometer filter)
Rinse the filter apparatus and filter as in the DOC filtering.
Pour most of the sample (or fill) a HCl rinsed 125ml. You should at least fill the bottle half way if you can. Be sure to rinse the bottle with a little of the sample first.
Pour about 30ml (or as much as left) into a 125ml HNO3 rinsed 125ml bottle (in the metal cabinet in the room behind the traacs room).
*NOTE* The amount of sample poured into each bottle for anions and cations may differ depending on the amount of sample.
If after pouring the ammonia and DOC sample there is less than 50ml of sample do not pour any of the sample into a HNO3 bottle for cations.
If there is >50 ml pour 30ml into the HCl bottle and 20ml into the HNO3 bottle.
If there is in between 50 and 100ml, pour the sample into the bottles in the ratio of 3:2, HCl:HNO3.
Acidify the cations. Tare the scale with an empty bottle and then weigh all of the bottles. Add 0.893 ml of ultrapure nitric acid for every 125ml of sample. You can multiply the weight by 7.144 (893/725) for the microliters of acid to add.
Field Sample Collection / Site Visit (updated by D. Hope 22/2/2001)
If the sample is spilled or bucket dropped at any time make a note. Especially, if the rim of the bucket or lid contacts any surfaces.
If the collector sensor or motor is not working and the battery has charge then the collector should be put in a bulk sample mode.
If the motor box will move the lid, activate the sensor. When the lid is on top of the dry side bucket and just starting to compress the foam pad disconnect the collector from the power source.
If the collector motor box will not move the lid, reach under the main frame of the collector and push the clutch arm counter-clockwise. The clutch will disengage and the lid mechanism will be free of the drive system. Manually position the lid over the dry side bucket and use the bucket retaining springs to secure the lid. Disconnect the collector from the power supply.
If the collector sensor, motor or battery is not working and the lid has stuck allowing water in the dry or both sides, pour all sample into the dry bucket and record on the field sheet that this is a bulk sample (ie. wet and dry deposition combined).
If the collector motor box will not move the lid, reach under the main frame of the collector and push the clutch arm counter-clockwise. The clutch will disengage and the lid mechanism will be free of the drive system. Manually position the lid over the dry side bucket and use the bucket retaining springs to secure the lid. Disconnect the collector from the power supply.
Field Sample Collection / Site Visit (updated by D. Hope 22/2/2001)
If the sample is spilled or bucket dropped at any time make a note. Especially, if the rim of the bucket or lid contacts any surfaces.
If the collector sensor or motor is not working and the battery has charge then the collector should be put in a bulk sample mode.
If the motor box will move the lid, activate the sensor. When the lid is on top of the dry side bucket and just starting to compress the foam pad disconnect the collector from the power source.
If the collector motor box will not move the lid, reach under the main frame of the collector and push the clutch arm counter-clockwise. The clutch will disengage and the lid mechanism will be free of the drive system. Manually position the lid over the dry side bucket and use the bucket retaining springs to secure the lid. Disconnect the collector from the power supply.
If the collector sensor, motor or battery is not working and the lid has stuck allowing water in the dry or both sides, pour all sample into the dry bucket and record on the field sheet that this is a bulk sample (ie. wet and dry deposition combined).
If the collector motor box will not move the lid, reach under the main frame of the collector and push the clutch arm counter-clockwise. The clutch will disengage and the lid mechanism will be free of the drive system. Manually position the lid over the dry side bucket and use the bucket retaining springs to secure the lid. Disconnect the collector from the power supply.
Chemical water analysis
soil is oven dried at 60 degrees C before KCl extraction and CHN analysis
for detailed protocols of chemical analysis please see: http://www.asu.edu/gel
Entities:
Table Name: 31_samples_1.csv
download
Attributes:
Attribute:sample_id
Description:Unique numbers to identify samples
Attribute:sx_id
Description:Internal ID
Attribute:site_id
Description:Unique identification numbers
Attribute:gross_wt
Description:Gross weight of bucket and sample
Measurement Unit:kilogram
Attribute:net_samp_wt
Description:Net sample weight
Measurement Unit:gram
Attribute:type
Description:Type of bucket
Domain:
Enumeration:
dry: dry deposition bucket
wet: wet deposition bucket
Attribute:precipitation
Description:Amount of precipitation
Measurement Unit:millimeter
Attribute:bucket_wt
Description:Bucket weight
Measurement Unit:kilogram
Attribute:lid_wt
Description:Lid weight
Measurement Unit:kilogram
Attribute:rinse_vol
Description:Volume of rinsing fluid used
Measurement Unit:milliliter
Attribute:coll_date
Description:Collection date
Attribute:coll_time
Description:Collection time
Attribute:personnel_id
Description:Technician's ID
Attribute:set_date
Description:Date the bucket was set up
Attribute:set_time
Description:Time the bucket was set up
Attribute:comments
Description:Extra observations
Attribute:fecal
Description:bird dropping contamination
Domain:
Enumeration:
0: false
1: true
Attribute:insects
Description:contamination by dead insects
Domain:
Enumeration:
0: false
1: true
Attribute:disturbance
Description:signs of disturbance
Domain:
Enumeration:
0: false
1: true
Attribute:lid_particles
Description:contamination from the lid
Domain:
Enumeration:
0: false
1: true
Attribute:data_entry
Description:Name of data entry person
Table Name: 31_sites_1.csv
download
Attributes:
Attribute:site_id
Description:Unique numbers assigned to a site
Attribute:site_name
Description:Name of site
Attribute:lat
Description:latitude of site in decimal degrees
Measurement Unit:degree
Attribute:long
Description:longitude of site in decimal degrees
Measurement Unit:degree
Attribute:date
Description:Date of collection
Attribute:otherAirMonit
Description:other air monitoring equipment on site
Attribute:location
Description:detailed location description
Attribute:groundCover
Description:Description of ground cover
Attribute:hightAboveGround
Description:hight above ground of bucket collector
Attribute:vegetation
Description:Description of vegetation
Attribute:obstructions
Description:Descriptions of any obstructions
Attribute:road
Description:Road type and conditions
Attribute:notes
Description:Extra observations
Table Name: 31_analysis_1.csv
download
Attributes:
Attribute:analysis
Description:Abbreviation of analysis
Attribute:storet
Description:EPA storet Code
Attribute:analysis_description
Description:Explanation
Table Name: 31_results_1.csv
download
Attributes:
Attribute:result_id
Description:Sequential numbers identifying results
Attribute:analysis
Description:Analysis code
Attribute:sample_id
Description:Sample Identification
Attribute:replicate
Description:If there were any replicates
Attribute:date_analyzed
Description:Date the samples were analyzed
Attribute:final_value
Description:Final analyzed value
Measurement Unit:dimensionless
Attribute:units
Description:measurement units
Attribute:scale
Description:Scale of units
Measurement Unit:dimensionless
Attribute:data_qualifier
Description:Data qualifier
Domain:
Enumeration:
C: contaminated during collection
J: The Identification of the analyte is acceptable, but quality assurance criteria indicate that the quantitative values may be outside the normal expected range of precision ,i.e., the quantitative value is considered estimated.
JN: A combination of the J and N flags. The analyte is tentatively identified and the value preceding the JN is estimated.
L: lost
M: missing
N: There is an indication that the reported analyte is present, however, all quality control requirements necessary for confirmation were not met. The analyte is tentatively identified.
NA: no analysis. Not enoughsample to analyze everything. This element was omitted.
Q: The reported results fall between the Method Detection Limits (MDL) and the Method Quantitation Limits (MQL) with qualification for quantitation.
R: Data is considered to be rejected and shall not be used. Quality control criteria failed such that it can not be determined if the analyte is present or absent. Resampling and analysis are necessary to confirm or deny the presence of the analyte.
S: contaminated during storage
SS: data may still appear somewhere. Still searched for.
U: The analyte was analyzed for but not detected. The value preceding the U is the Contract Required quantitation Limit (CRQL).
UJ: This is a combination of the U and J flags. The analyte is not present. The reported value is considered to be an estimated Contract Required quantitation Limit (CRQL).
X: The reported value falls below the Method Detection Limits (MDL). The MDL value was entered in place of the reported value.
Attribute:prec_percent
Description:percent pricipitate
Measurement Unit:dimensionless
Attribute:qaqc_method
Description:QAQC method used
Attribute:qaqc_result
Description:QAQC result
Measurement Unit:dimensionless
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